Postcards from the Bleeding Edge
Saturday, August 27, 2005

  blinkenlights on the hash bash

By the time I tottered off to bed last night I had figured out two things.

1) - the ancient Korg 05R/W I had pulled out of the garage was dead silent when not playing, unlike the XV-88. However, at extremely low volumes the signal was not much to speak of - not this digital hash I'm seeing that's driving me insane, but something typical of the decay on a 98 era device. I played the Korg for a while. It was a blast - all these vintage sounds that we used to used in the Buzzwack and /dev/noise bands - and it really does sound cleaner than the XV-88.

2) I now have a way to modify (but by no means eliminate) the noise coming out of the XV-88. Press a button that lights up!!!!!? Each button - even buttons that should have very little difference on processing like "solo" and "appegiator" - changes the characteristics (and overall loudness) of the hash appreciably.

Being musically frustrated by this painful exercise I started to assemble the various samples I'd taken of each sound into a song - I'll post it - yep, that's me - playing the amazing"Filter/level/controller buttons" sonata.

I think adding some shielding inside the XV-88 might help some. I think the source of my overall dissatisfaction with this unit has been this noise in the sound.

ah well, off to play the korg some more, and go outside and take adv
 
Friday, August 26, 2005

  Digital Hash


OK, my dialog with chipper gave me a lovely new term for audio to roll around my tongue: digital hash.

Hum implies a 60hz signal like the last 1/3 of the left hand image. Hash, on the other hand, describes the pictures I've been seeing(right). If the other UPSes in the house are feeding back into the mains, it explains why a free-floating UPS generates the exact same noise.

His suggestion - unplug all the UPSes in the house and see what happens - make sense, as I'm running the same brand throughout (5 upses) so I'm going turn off every circuit in the house then unplug all my UPSes now.

when I do that I may drop off the intern

Update: So...

I unplugged all the UPSes in the house. I turned off EVERY circuit breaker save the one feeding this room. I unplugged everything in the room. Plugged the headphones into roland XV-88. I note that the XV-88 has no ground on it - I'm going to try grounding it at some point shortly... (my ground was the mixer - as per the one true way)

!@#!@#!@!!!! The exact same noise still comes out of the headphones.

The ONLY two iffy things left would be the X10 circuit in this room (it's a dimmer switch but it's OFF) - and the cable modem/thing that seems to be wired into something resembling power on the outside of the house.

I'll run a long extension cord into this room from another circuit and see what happens. But I think it's the XV-88.

I'm going to take it to work and see if it still hums/hashes before I start ripping apart more of my home's electrical system. As it is I'm literally draped with cables that I pulled out - on this thus far fruitless quest for silence... Next I'm going to intentionally create some 60hz hum out of this system and see if the upper harmonics look similar...

I know the long term real answer is: get rid of the D/A converters entirely - but I need a new woodstove this winter far more than I need to shiver over the perfect sound....
 

  One path to ground!!

Chipper preaches the gospel of the one path, rant reprinted below:


Unless you have a REALLY high end sine wave UPS, get rid of it for all your audio gear, it doesn't have the balls to save you anyway. UPSs by thier nature inject all kinds of horrible hash onto the mains power. I mean get rid of ALL of them on the same phase as your audio gear. Don't even have'em plugged in in the same house if possible.

Repeat after me, as often as it takes,

One path to ground.
One path to ground.
One path to ground.
One path to ground.
One path to ground.

The ground point should be at the point of highest gain, usually the mix. The mixer should be grounded, everything else floats.

Common mode rejection. The way twisted pair works, the pair of wires, being twisted tend to cancel any IN PHASE signal that is common to both conductors. This is called common mode rejection.

Simple 1 conductor + shield wires have no common mode rejection, and rely on the shield for noise cancellation. Not too good that.

This is an inherent problem in most audio crap out there, unbalanced and balanced stuff with shields running all over the place, and more ground loops that anyone can imagine.

One path to ground
One path to ground.

What to do?

Guitar cables:
Pick an end, mark it somehow, this is the "Source" end. Snip the shield connection at the Source end. The shielding will be ground-relative to the destination. Keep it all going in the same direction.

Guitar(groundlifted)->(shield)Effect-gizmo(groundlift)->>-(shield)someothergizmo(groundlift)->(shield)DI-box

and so on to the amp.

One path to ground.

Mic(shield-snipped)->(shield)mixer.

Actually, decent mics are so damned good, output xformers and such, with an op-amp on the mic-pre input, with quality xlr-balanced cables, are seldom a problem.

It's ALWAYS the keyboard guys who know EVERTYHING that are the problem, followed very closely by guitar folks.

These folks LOVE those Ernie-Ball brass connector-coax skinny little cables that have such low impedance, and they work okay, until they dont. Not worth it. Toss'em. use good switch-craft connected guitar cables prepared as I've
said.

There is some neato tricks you can play using balanced mic cable (Canare Star-Quad in particular) that will make guitar cables IMMUNE to noise, but they are beyond the scope of this document.

To the best of your ability, do exactly the same thing with the outboard gear (computer?) float all of it, and carry the ground to the mixer. Remember, keep the shield at the point of highest gain.

One path to ground.
One path to ground.

use transformers whereever you can. There is NO WAY a ground hum can pass a transformer, think about it, ground hum, (mains loop hum) is COMMON MODE.

Cabling up

Unplug EVERTYHING.

Set your mixer up. Neutral out all the knobs.

Plug 'er in to the wall. Lift the ground-pin and tie that little grounding hook to a piece of 14 gauge or better and get that to a drainpipe or something. Get it to a REAL ground if at all possible. Ground, as in earth. Deep earth. You want mother earth to take all the negative waves away.

Turn the mixer on, headphones, sample everything with the solo bus, listen carefully. Don't sweat it, unterminated busses and mic pre-s will make noise. But is there any hum or buzz?

Yes?

Do you have dimmers in the house? Turn'em all OFF. Hum or buzz gone?
No? You've got dirty power. There is an rf component to dimmers that are close to stuff that can be effected by low power rf/emi, but dimmers also
hash the neutral with squarewaves. If you had an o-scope, you'd freak out at what dimmers do to the power line. (or is that freq out?).

Anyway, try a different circuit, see if it gets better.

Basically, leave the dimmers off. Get some low output lighting.

Get rid of the dimmers.

Okay, you still have hum/buzz even with no dimmers active.

You've got SOMETHING in the power system , house mains power with a crossed neutral/hot. SOmething is wired incorrectly.

Sort it out.

Okay, hum/buzz gone?

Next, power-amp-speakers.

Remember, "telescope" those shields on the signal leads to the
amp. (yes the mixer has more gain than the amp, think about it
in terms of dbm, log man, log.) Tie the ground on the amp directly to the mixer, lift the gound on the powerlead.

One path to ground.

Okay, add a signal source, cd player or something. how's it sound? Did it introduce noise? try a different outlet, you're crossing phases perhaps in the house.

Remeber, offtimes different outlets in a room can be on different phases of the house mains. You DEF want to be on the same phase. If your ac leakage across your audio gear is ocillating at 60hz Out of phase from each other, you loose your common mode rejection, cause it ain't common any more, and it will LOUD.

Okay, it's quiet now?

Cool, keep adding stuff until you get some noise, sort it out and move on the to the next,

One path to ground.


Oh! Dimmers are evil, UPSes add noise to everything. What else?

You really don't need to fuss with the cables, that's just what we call A really good idea, and it works. But do the diagnostic cabling up first. That will tell you where your noise loops are.

And remember,

One path to ground.
 

  Battling Hum...

If you got here from elsewhere, there's some updated information on this digital hash problem described here. Thanks for taking a look at this.

With an upgrade to the fabulous rme-audio multiface and ardour my studio has undergone a major facelift. I'm now trying to quiet all the instruments I have so to get a recording that can take advantage of 24 bits of 96Khz chocolately goodness.

I had some 60hz hum in my guitar interface, and ran a DI box on it to hopefully fix it. It didn't. I put my foot on the box while I'm playing - No more 60hz hum. Something about this guitar is interacting with itself, or I'm just an electrically charged individual, or my whole studio is a conductor or something....

OK, I can live with that fix for now, but the sound coming out of my XV-88 is driving me bats. At about -60db there's this unusual sound (depicted left with the gain boosted up to where you can see it - here's a sample of the sound: 96khz, 44khz) even when the device is idle, no processors on, etc. A balanced line output ought to be giving me -96db or so...



It's a weird sound, with peaks every 2 seconds per channel, each channel offset by a second.... It's not a 60hz hum at all, or even a harmonic of 60hz (I think)... it does have a harmonic on itself, too, with a cycle of about 24-26 seconds or so...

I long ago had just put a noise gate on it, and forgot about it, but I was trying to record a quiet passage without the noise gate late last night and I kept hearing it and I'm thinking that maybe something has given way within the XV-88 amp or processing module - or this is just a flaw of the XV-88's sound generation in general, or some sort of modulator was stuck...

I hear it on headphones if I listen closely, with nothing else plugged in.

I ran a new big fat wire to ground. No change.

I plugged in a electrical noise filtering box. No change.

I ran everything through a UPS. No change.

I unplugged the UPS from the wall. The whole circuit now floats - not connected to ANYTHING. No change!!.

What the heck is it? Now I turn the darn thing on and I'm painfully aware of the sound... help! I see that doc is talking about audiophilia - I'd love to be an audiophile if I can just get rid of my stinking hum... what to try next? running the ups to ground?
Gotta find a tool that will let me look closer at the frequencies than audacity...

Naturally I tried to contact Roland's tech support only to find that their support website was a push only system - no email contact and an email to supportatroland.com bounced... their website didn't have a tech support phone number listed - I finally found one on the back of the Roland manual and got to a support tech who asked the obvious questions and then forwarded the url of my blog to his manager.

I've got an update to where I'm at with debugging this problem here.

Monday I'm just going to take the unit into work and if it still has this noise and Roland tells me it's not normal - it's going into the shop.
 
Sunday, August 21, 2005

  The diamond age

I spent the weekend vibrating over the potential of nanotube sheets. I started with the idea of trying to calculate what a suspension bridge would weigh... and gradually I moved into thinking about smaller, day to day items - like houses. Assuming a huge house built of pine, that weighed 25 tons - you could make one that weighed far less than a few hundred pounds, before infrastructure. Most of the weight in supporting a house goes into supporting itself, all you really need is enough material to support the loading of furniture and people and to keep out the weather.

Tomorrow's house would be a double nano-walled construction, and transparent where-ever you didn't put insulation...

Said house could be powered by the sun, and lit by oleds, built out of the same material.... the mind boggles!

There's a few flaws in this idea, like having an entirely electrically conductive house might not be the best thing in lightning prone areas - but the ratio was the first ratio that let me get a grip on the strength of carbon nanotube sheets. It's still not the right ratio - I have no idea what a typical house weighs, for example, and what happens when you try and drive a nail through a few nanotube sheets? Do you need a titanium or depleted uranium nail?

Second flaw is that these measurements of the nanotube fabric are aligned along the direction of the nanotubes and only count for tensile strength - compressive strength is apparently negligable - but imagine a roof spread like a tent over a basic house frame and you can begin to imagine home uses for the technology.

The actual tested material, 18 sheets thick, had a strength of 465MPa/(g/cm^3). High strength steel is listed 125 MPa/(g/cm^3)).

Third flaw is that the durability of the material hasn't been proven - it could fray, or oxidize, or melt in the rain... but none of those characteristics of the material have been published yet.

It's not just me going nano-nuts this week, The Houston Chronicle writes:

And the list goes on.
 

  Science vs engineering

Heh. I beat slashdot on the carbon nanotube sheet story by 14 hrs.

I try really hard to find original sources, but frankly most of the time my web reading is limited to a few select blogs, Google News, slashdot, and lwn. I'd probably get more widely read if I posted to slashdot more often, but I write for me and I'm holding down a day job these days so... I look back at some of my recent posts and I want to fix the grammar - but I have got too much other stuff to do right now, I hope you're reading me just for the links.

Selenian Boondocks has some constructive suggestions for NASA.

Today's noteworthy blog post is science vs engineering in the Mars Society. I was pleased to discover that NASA adminsistrator Mike Griffin was a Mars Society member for eons before he took the top post - but the longstanding problems within most space based organizations continue to bother me. Why is it that the scientists sieze control of nearly every space advocacy organization? Is it because scientists have tons of time between experiments to organize while engineers are busy working? (I'm still burning over the L5-NSS takeover in the 80s)

Just my general before my first cup of coffee comment - science is a religion to some people. What the space program needs is less science and more engineering. Maybe I'll write more later...
And yea, my religion is engineering, but I recognise the need for a variety of personnel types in space.

I get this deep inner feeling of glee every time I think of one of Discovery's primary tasks this past mission - with all these PHDs supervising - taking out 5000 lbs of garbage. I laughed my way through Walden II for the same reason.

Mars needs women - but space needs janitors, construction workers, and engineers!

oh yea, I note that John Glenn accepts the risks of flying the shuttle because:

In other news, the Chinese are about 1/3 of the way towards replicating Gemini, with their first spacewalk planned in 2007.
 
David Täht writes about politics, space, copyright, the internet, audio software, operating systems and surfing.


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Uncle Bill's Helicopter - A speech I gave to ITT Tech - Chicken soup for engineers
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